www.militaar.net

Veel veidi lugemist
http://www.kbismarck.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_battleship_Bismarck

Sukeldumised Bismarckile on tuvastanud, et laev uputati meeskonna poolt, kui inglased olid selle võitlusvõimetuks teinud ja juhtkond hukkunud.
Swordfishide kehv tabavus ja tabatavus on seletatav väga halbade ilmastikuoludega rünnaku ajal. Ründasid nad ju kõigepealt oma ristlejat Sheffieldi.

Lendav anakronism tegi läbi kogu IIMS.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairey_Swordfish

Siin veel mõned võimalikud seletused Bismarki õhutõrjekahurite kehvale tabamistäpsusele.

The suprisingly poor performance of the Bismark's FLAK is probably at
least in part attributable to an incorrect setup caused by having two
different 105mm gun mounts with different characteristics that were
not accounted for in her setup. The Bismark carried both the Dop. L.
C/31: Dop. L. C/37 mounts. The earlier mount was actually an
upgunned 88mm turret while the latter was purposely designed for the
larger high velocity 105mm gun. They were both relatively
sophisticated units. The Bismark had Dop. L. C/31 on the front four
pairs of FLAK and the 25% faster traversing Dop. L. C/37 mounts on the
rear. Tirtpitz had only Dop L. C/37 all round while the Prinz Eugen
had only Dop L C31.

The German naval FLAK was of a relatively high order exceded only by
the US naval systems: the twin 105mm mounts seen on the Bismark was
gyro stabilized on a triaxial mount which compensated fully for ships
motion, the elevation of the gun was controlled directly via what in
USN jargon is called RPC (remote power control) from the director
computer and an automatic fuse setter mechanism were provided for to
time the FLAK burst. The FLAK predictor was full tachimetric
(probably a second order system) capable of producing continuous
firing and fuse setting solutions for targets firing a variety of
trajectories (eg taking into account range, speed, acceleration.
Although elevation control was automatic the Traverse of the gun was
still by semiautomatic. Other limitations were that the mount was
open, leaving its crew exposed and creating serious maintenance
problems caused by sea water ingress. For comparison at this time
the Royal Navy High Altitude system was only able to deal with targets
flying a level flight path, lacked any remote power control. In the
Bismarks case it is thought that the poor performance against the
Swordfish was caused by an incorrect setup.

The only proper system fielded in any numbers were those of the USN in
which both 40mm and the 5inch guns were directed fully automatically
via remote power control from the predictor computer associated with a
director. These systems eventually entered RN service through lend
lease. When range and bearing was slaved to radar the performance
increased considerably.

Towards the end of the war the German navy started installing the FuMO
231 Euklid Flakleit gunnery radar on its new destroyers that could
automatically direct weapons. This was a 1.5m diameter dish using an
LD6 tunable disk triode to produce a 30kW-50kW 27cm (1200 MHz) quasi
microwave wave. Since the LD6 triode could only produce about 16kW at
10cm wavelength, latter versions were to move to a powerful magnetron
operating at 3cm. The systems installed upon the Prinz Eugen
performed well against Soviet land based dive bombers and torpedo
bombers. After the war the Prinz Eugen was taken as a war prize and
it was found that the Germans had developed the technology of the
magnetic amplifier to a surprisingly high level for use in such
systems. This solid state vacuum tube free device works like a
magnetic material cored electrical coil that impedes the flow of AC
current electricity. By applying a DC current in a secondary winding
the magnetic material could be made to saturated and loose its
magnetic properties and thus 'fire' of and transmit the AC electrical
current to an electric motor or solenoid. Pairs of these coils in
core balance arrangement combined with copper oxide and selenium
rectifier diodes made for rugged systems. They caused a minor
revolution in power servo mechanism practice untill the mid 1950s when
transistors started to come in. Tirpits apparently carried a manheim
or wurzburg radar.

The Bismark was only an interim battleship type built on outmoded
concepts of armour that were to pave the way for the H class battle
ships which for instance had fully automatic guns and enclosed and
armoured guns, the Dop. L. C/38.