Siia jutulõime kuluks ära peale kasvava põlvkonna teemaline artikkel. Kahjuks see on natuke Ameerika ja veidi isegi Hiina fookusega, eestikeelses Wikipedias aga vastava tasemega ülevaadet pole.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennials
Seoses väärtushinnangutega on mul seda lisada, et iga inimene mingil määral ratsionaliseerib oma paratamatuseid. (Kui inimesel pole objektiivset võimalust midagi teha, tihtipeale ta kujundab oma hoiakud ümber, mõeldes et pole vaja. Kui on sunnitud midagi tegema, ratsionaliseerib et see ongi vajalik. Elada teadmises "tahan kosmonaudiks, aga ei saa" on psühholoogiliselt koormav. Parem on mõelda, et enam ei tahagi kosmonaudiks.)
Näppu on jäänud mitmeid materjale, mis viitavad, et ühiskondlik progress teatud valdkondades on seiskunud.
- kui varasemad põlvkonnad on elanud esivanematest tervema elu, siis parasjagu iseseisvuv põlvkond saab ilmselt kogema tagasilangust (tervishoiu kättesaadavus on pingeline, paljudes arenenud riikides käib ülekaalu epideemia, vaimse tervise muresid kas diagnoositakse rohkem või ongi rohkem, jne)
- kui varasemad põlvkonnad on kogenud esivanematest rohkem jõukust, siis praegu iseseisvuv põlvkond kogeb ilmselt tagasilangust (väiksem lootus soetada oma kodu, hilisem iseseisvumine vanemate majapidamisest)
- samas on uus põlvkond esivanematest haritum ja informeeritum ning tajub, et nii on. Tegelikkus ei vasta ootustele ja tulevik ei paista heledam, kui olevik.
Inglisekeelne Wikipedia püüab kokku võtta:
Millennials, in the US, have been called the "Unluckiest Generation" as the average millennial has experienced slower economic growth and more recessions since entering the workforce than any other generation in history.[15] They have also been weighed down by student debt and childcare costs.[16] Across the globe, millennials and subsequent generations have postponed marriage or living together as a couple.[17] Millennials were born at a time of declining fertility rates around the world,[18] and continue to have fewer children than their predecessors.[19][20][21][22] Those in developing countries will continue to constitute the bulk of global population growth.[23] In developed countries, young people of the 2010s were less inclined to have sex compared to their predecessors when they were the same age.[24] Millennials in the West are less likely to be religious than their predecessors, but may identify as spiritual.[18][25]
Ehk siis, edasi lükkuvad iseseisvumine vanematekodust, kodu soetamine, kooselu ja abielu, laste saamine. Väheneb laste arv ja isegi libiido.
Peale tuleva põlvkonna psühholoogilist portreed on üritatud igat pidi maalida, kuid üks huvitav viis seda joonistada on nutiseadmete roll elus.
A 2015 study by Microsoft found that 77% of respondents aged 18 to 24 said yes to the statement, "When nothing is occupying my attention, the first thing I do is reach for my phone," compared to just 10% for those aged 65 and over.[95]
Ehk siis, täiskasvanuellu siseneval põlvkonnal on teistmoodi suhe nutiseadmetega, kui eelnevatel.
Demograafilise problemaatika mudel-maaks peetakse Aasias Jaapanit ja Euroopas Itaaliat.
Italy is a country where the problem of an aging population is especially acute. The fertility rate dropped from about four in the 1960s down to 1.2 in the 2010s. This is not because young Italians do not want to procreate. Quite the contrary, having many children is an Italian ideal. But its economy has been floundering since the Great Recession of 2007–08, with the youth unemployment rate at a staggering 35% in 2019. Many Italians have moved abroad—150,000 did in 2018—and many are young people pursuing educational and economic opportunities. With the plunge in the number of births each year, the Italian population is expected to decline in the next five years. Moreover, the Baby Boomers are retiring in large numbers, and their numbers eclipse those of the young people taking care of them. Only Japan has an age structure more tilted towards the elderly.[138]
Itaalia näitel, perioodil kui inimesed soovisid olulisel määra lapsi kasvatada ja peresid luua, see võimalik ei olnud. Paljud olid sunnitud globaalse võlakriisi ajal välismaalt toimetulekut otsima.
Samal perioodil on arenenud ("lääne") maad kaotanud oma haridusliku eelise paljude muude piirkondade ees. Automatiseerimine on kahandanud pelga tööjõu müügiväärtust. Robotiseerimine ja tehisintellekt kahandavad pelga tööjõu müügiväärtust veelgi. Kapitali koondumine väheste kätte ei paku laiadele massidele võimalusi automatiseerimisest ja robotiseerimisest kasu saada. Tehisintellektist, ei tea veel.
Hariduse omandamise vajadus "kui tahad kuhugi jõuda" on sundinud mõnel maal üsna noortele peale võlakoormuse kasvu.
In Sweden, universities are tuition-free, as is the case in Norway, Denmark, Iceland, and Finland. However, Swedish students typically graduate very indebted due to the high cost of living in their country, especially in the large cities such as Stockholm.
See, mida õpitakse, on muutunud. USA andmetel on tõusnud tervishoiu, arvutiteaduste ja inseneeria õppijate arv, kahanenud keele, usuteaduse ja filosoofia õppijate arv.
Meedikud hindavad, et istuv elustiil ja ülemäärane toitumine koos teatud meelelahutuse valikutega on jätmas püsivat jälge.
According to a 2018 report from Cancer Research UK, millennials in the United Kingdom are on track to have the highest rates of overweight and obesity, with current data trends indicating millennials will overtake the Baby boomer generation in this regard, making millennials the heaviest generation since current records began. Cancer Research UK reports that more than 70% of millennials will be overweight or obese by ages 35–45, in comparison to 50% of Baby boomers who were overweight or obese at the same ages.[193][194][195]
According to the National Strokes Association, the risk of having a stroke is increasing among young adults (those in their 20s and 30s) and even adolescents. During the 2010s, there was a 44% increase in the number of young people hospitalized for strokes. Health experts believe this development is due to a variety of reasons related to lifestyle choices, including obesity, smoking, alcoholism, and physical inactivity.
Samas on täheldatud, et inimesed on teadlikud ülekaalu terviseriskidest ja teevad rohkem sporti, et seda ära hoida. Ning statistiliselt: ebaõnnestuvad selles, sest ülekaalu epideemia laieneb.
Mujal maades on täheldatud, et elukaaslase valimisel eelistatakse võimalusel endaga sarnasest sotsiaalsest klassist kaaslasi (arvatakse, et see viib suurema sotsiaalse kihistumiseni), ning ratsionaalne iva eelistuste all võib olla perekonna kõrge sissetuleku tagamine. Kooselus väärtustatakse rohkem seltskonda, mitte leiva teenimist ja kodu hoidmist.
Moreover, by the early 2000s, it was less feasible for a couple with one spouse having no more than a high-school diploma to earn about the national average; on the other hand, couples both of whom had at least a bachelor's degree could expect to make a significant amount above the national average. People thus had a clear economic incentive to seek out a mate with at least as high a level of education in order to maximize their potential income.[239] Another incentive for this kind of assortative mating lies in the future of the offspring. People have since the mid-twentieth century increasingly wanted intelligent and well-educated children, and marrying bright people who make a lot of money goes a long way in achieving that goal.[238][240] Couples in the early twenty-first century tend to hold egalitarian rather than traditional views on gender roles. Modern marriage is more about companionship rather than bread-winning for the man and homemaking for the woman.[240] American and Chinese youths are increasingly choosing whether or not to marry according to their personal preferences rather than family, societal, or religious expectations.[240][17]
Abiellumine kahaneb praktiliselt kõikjal, ka maades kus seda propageeritakse.
Seksuaalse aktiivsuse teemalised uuringud näitavad aktiivsuse langust, kuigi tabusid on vähem. Seksuaalse aktiivsuse (ilmselt ka suhete otsimise) langus on tugevam nende seas, kel puudus töö, on osakoormusega (ebakindel, vähese sisstulekuga) töö, või kes õpivad. Sama muster kandub edasi inimeste edasisse ellu ka siis, kui nad on abiellunud.
Although experts disagree on the methodology of data analysis, they do believe that young people today are less sexually engaged than their elders, such as the baby boomers, when they were their age. This is despite the fact that online dating platforms allow for the possibility of casual sex, the wide availability of contraception, and the relaxation of attitudes towards sex outside of marriage.[24]
Among men aged 18 to 24, the share of the sexually inactive increased from 18.9% between 2000 and 2002 to 30.9% between 2016 and 2018. Women aged 18 to 34 had sex less often as well. Reasons for this trend are manifold. People who were unemployed, only had part-time jobs, and students were the most likely to forego sexual experience while those who had higher income were stricter in mate selection. Psychologist Jean Twenge, who did not participate in the study, suggested that this might be due to "a broader cultural trend toward delayed development", meaning various adult activities are postponed. She noted that being economically dependent on one's parents discourages sexual intercourse. Other researchers noted that the rise of the Internet, computer games, and social media could play a role, too, since older and married couples also had sex less often. In short, people had many options.
Enamus inimesi arvasid, et romantiliste tutvuste leidmine on muutunud raskemaks.
In a 2019 poll, the Pew Research Center found that about 47% American adults believed dating had become more difficult within the last decade or so, while only 19% said it became easier and 33% thought it was the same.
Tutvusi otsimast loobuti valdavalt põhjustel: muud prioriteedid, eelistus olla üksi, liiga palju tööd, pessimism oma väljavaadete osas.
For those between the ages of 18 and 49, the top reasons for their decision to avoid dating were having more important priorities in life (61%), preferring being single (41%), being too busy (29%), and pessimism about their chances of success (24%).[246]
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